Pdf properties of refrigerants from cubic equations of state. The refrigerants should be non poisonous to humans and food stuff. A completely revised version of the refprop refrigerant properties database is described. A next generation refrigerant properties database purdue epubs. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site.
Pdf thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r116 from cubic. In most cases, they have a very narrow application window and lower capacity. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. The thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigeration system depends mainly on its operating temperatures. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat from perishable goods until theyre frozen solid. Revised formulations have been used for many refrigerants. The low ozone depletion potential of r22 compared to cfc11 chlorofluorocarbon 11 and cfc12 and its excellent refrigerant properties have helped facilitate the transition away from cfcs. However, important practical issues such as the system design, size, initial and operating costs, safety, reliability, and serviceability etc.
Among each of the refrigerants normally utilized for the refrigeration and ventilating applications, r11 has the highest potential to bring about the depletion of the ozone layer from the upper layers of the air and the greenhouse impact. With the discovery of the damaging effect of cfcs and hcfcs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the hfc family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement. To enable the use of smaller compressors and other equipment the refrigerant should have smaller vapor density. Working fluids in refrigeration cycles undergoes phase transition in cycles mostly before going to subject topic first of all we divide all refrigerants in following categories. Refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the. A impact of refrigerant property uncertainties on prediction. Oct 04, 2016 hey guys, refrigerants is nothing but. R4a is also known as tetrafluoroethane cf3ch2f from the family of hfc refrigerant. R4a is a common refrigerant used in residential refrigerators around the world, and in automobiles. The thermodynamic properties are interrelated and mainly depend on normal boiling point, critical temperature, molecular weight and structure. Solstice n40 r448a refrigerant refrigerants americas. Jul 17, 2017 a refrigerant with a lower boiling point tends to have a better ability to cool.
It is now widely agreed that only percentage of poe is required to ensure. Alternative refrigerants economically feasible and available for rachp following the structure of the 2011 guidance paper on low gwp refrigerants, the classes of low gwp refrigerants taken into account by this guidance documents are the following. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Lesson 1 covers a basic understanding of refrigerants, including the history of refrigerants, terminology, and refrigerants types such as cfc, hcfc, hfc, natural refrigerants, and blends zeotrope and azeotrope. Singlecompound refrigerants september 1999 prepared by james m. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. Refrigerants thermodynamic, physical, chemical, safe ty related and environmental properties have been presented and discussed in the first part of the paper. This paper presents the investigation results of hfc refrigerants r125, r143a, r152a and r32 which prevent the ozone layer.
Toxicity is the important properties of refrigerants. Apr 12, 2020 refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. Thermophysical properties of liquid secondary refrigerants. The refrigerant used should preferably be inexpensive and easily available. Properties of a good refrigerants mechanical engineering. However, hcfc refrigerants r123 and r22 do not completely prevent the ozone layer depletion. Refrigerants properties pdf product data summary and thermodynamic tables. Column 2 lists the absolute pressures psia and column 3 lists the gauge pressures psig of the sat urated refrigerant at the corresponding fahrenheit temperature. Refrigerant storage examples not part of standard sample sensor locations 4455 no open flames that use combustion air from the machinery room boilers can be located within the mechanical as long as the combustion air is ducted from the outside to the boiler or shut down sensors are installed 8. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage.
The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants. Refrigerants and read with me bible pdf refrigerating systems which are practicable but which do not at. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. Refrigerants with higher boiling points tend to be more efficient and may work well in a smaller machine. Most automotive air conditioning systems except in australia and possibly other countries use r4a as a refrigerant. Characteristics of hfc refrigerants purdue university.
Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. R1270 refrigerant grade propylene brochure pdf 610. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Some refrigerants claim to be nooilchange solutions. Jul, 2000 a look at properties and fractionation of blended refrigerants. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. Refrigerant r4a thermodynamic properties eng units 2 equations the mbwr equation of state was used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic properties. Tables for r11, r, r1, r114, r141b, r142b, r500, r502, r503, and r720 neon may be found in the 1997 ashrae handbookfundamentals. Effects of refrigerant properties on refrigerant performance citeseerx. R11 refrigerant is additionally utilized as the dissolvable and the optional refrigerant. Classification can be divided into class 1, class 2, class 3.
The earliest mechanical refrigeration used air as a working fluid. Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances. Safety rules for the application of hydrocarbon refrigerants. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge on pressureenthalpy coordinates with an abbreviated set of tabular data for the saturated liquid and vapor on the facing page. This program is based on the most accurate pure fluid and mixture. R404a refrigerant properties pdf r404a is a blend of hfc refrigerants commonly used for medium and low. The flood of the airconditioner, that is, the refrigerants, their properties, merits and demerits are summarized to map the various types and their classifications. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. Xoj 9617 sltlvd l l09l seqjeselolt\\l phll l thermophysical properties of. Refrigerant 12 dichlorodifluoromethane properties of saturated liquid and saturated vapor. Refrigerants can be broadly classified based on the following. Duponttm refrigerants, technical information keywords.
Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. It was chosen as the preferred equation of state because it provided the most accurate. The toxicity depends upon the concentration and exposure limits. Pdf thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r116 from. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. This product was developed to be used in low and mediumtemperature commercial refrigeration. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant author. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. R11, r12, r22, r4a, r744, r718 are least hazardous, while refrigerants belonging to group b3 e. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. Refrigerants temperature and pressure charts temperature and pressure chart for refrigerants r22, r410a, r12, r4a, r401a, r409a, r502, r404a, r507a, r408a and r402a tag search en. Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning derya ozkan, ozden agra and ozlem cetin university of yildiz technical university, turkey corresponding email.
Xoj 9617 sltlvd l l09l seqjeselolt\\l phll l thermophysical properties of liquid secondary refrigerants. With a nonmiscible combination oil logging can occur, which impacts compressor life and performance. Nist standard reference database 23, refprop thermo dynamic properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures, version 3. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil. Saturated refers to the con dition of a liquid at its boiling temperature, and of a vapor at its condensing temperature. R717 ammonia r290 r600a propane and isobutane hydrocarbons. R12 has been retained to assist in making comparisons. Refrigerants are classified according to their way of absorption or extraction of heat from substances stored in the refrigerator. Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail. Class 1 refrigerants used in the standard compression type cooling system. Section 3 examines the thermal properties of refrigerants. Calm engineering consultant 10887 woodleaf lane great falls, va 220663003 usa for the airconditioning and refrigeration technology institute 4301 north fairfax drive, suite 425 arlington, va 22203 usa.